Taxonomy, phylogeny and systematics

Taxonomy is the practice and science of classification (ref).

Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of life on the planet Earth, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time (ref).

Phylogeny

In biology, phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms (e.g., species, populations), which is discovered through molecular sequencing data and morphological data matrices (ref).

Nature’s Holism links

Return to http://www.ecotao.com/holism/add/Hominoidea.html (Human taxonomy)

Species references

(ref)

• ?Orrorin tugenensis Senut & al. 2001 [typus]
• ≅ Tribus Hominini Gray 1825
• Ardipithecus kadabbaHaile-Selassie 2001
• ≅ Genus PanOken 1816
• Pan sp. innom.McBrearty & Jablonski 2005
• Pan paniscusSchwarz 1929
• Simia troglodytesBlumenbach 1776 [typus Pan]
• ≅ Subtribus Hominina Gray 1825
• Australopithecus ramidusWhite & al. 1994 [typus Ardipithecus]
• Australopithecus anamensisLeakey & al. 1995 (?= praegens)
• Homo praegensFerguson 1989
• Australopithecus afarensisJohanson & al. 1978 [typus Praeanthropus]
• Australopithecus bahrelghazaliBrunet & al. 1995 (?= afarensis)
• Australopithecus garhiAsfaw & al. 1999
• Kenyanthropus platyopsLeakey & al. 2001 [typus] (?= afarensis)
• ≅ Genus AustralopithecusDart 1925
• Australopithecus aethiopicusOlson 1985
• Australopithecus africanusDart 1925 [typus]
• Zinjanthropus boiseiLeakey 1959 [typus]
• Australopithecus robustusBroom 1938 [typus Paranthropus]
• ≅ Genus HomoLinnaeus 1758
• Homo sp. innom.Kimbel & al. 1996
• Homo habilisLeakey & al. 1965
• Homo rudolfensisAlexeev 1986
• ≅ Subgenus Homo(Homo)Linnaeus 1758
• Anthropopithecus erectusDubois 1892 [typus]
• Homo ergasterGroves & Mazák 1975
• ?Homo floresiensisBrown & al. 2004
• Homo georgicusVekua & al. 2002
• ≅ Superspecies Homo (sapiens)Linnaeus 1758
• Homo antecessorBermúdez de Castro & al. 1997
• Homo cepranensisMallegni & al. 2003 (?= antecessor)
• Homo heidelbergensisSch oetensack 1908
• Homo neanderthalensisKi ng 1864
• Homo rhodesiensis Woodward 1921 (?= heidelbergen sis)
• Homo sapiensLinna eus 1758 [typus]